Even as fitness professional, it’s a chore for me to separate idle chatter from sound advice when it comes to knowing exactly what it takes to get in top shape. With all the different workout programs to choose from, P90X to Insanity and so on, choosing a workout program that’s just right for you can be pretty challenging. With that in mind, I’m going to give you what may well be the most important information you can have when deciding how to go about getting and staying in shape.
There are some basic principles that apply to everyone when it comes to effective exercise. The first principle of effective exercise is that there is no “One Size Fits All” approach. What works for your husband or best friend may not be ideal for you. Just because P90X is the greatest thing since sliced bread to the 23-year-old intern at work, that doesn’t mean you’d be wise to try it.
Your age, fitness level, state of health and weight are important factors to consider before trying exercise of any kind. A middle-aged person who’s been on the sidelines of the exercise game for a long time would be foolish to try keeping up with the 23-year-old intern from work.
That said, it’s important to make a realistic assessment of your physical condition and abilities before beginning exercise of any kind. Once armed with a general assessment of where you stand physically, then you’ll be ready to give some serious thought to your exercise options. If you’ve been inactive for a long time, I highly suggest consulting your physician before boarding the treadmill for the first time.
In my opinion, if you haven’t exercised since the days when you packed away your headbands and Jane Fonda Workout tapes, walking is the most realistic starting point for you. You may be ready to begin your quest for physical fitness with something more intense than walking if your lifestyle is active. Consulting a Personal Trainer is good way to figure out how to get started exercising, and many trainers offer free first-time consultations.
The second principle of effective exercise is “More is More.” There are four basic types of exercise (Endurance, Strength, Balance & Flexibility), and each type includes a number of different exercises and subcategories. Incorporating as many exercises as possible from each of the four basic types into your workouts is the most effective way to reach your goals. A list of exercises from each category is included below.
“The Five Movement Doctrine” is effective exercise principle no. 3. Five basic exercise movements are all you’ll ever need to get and stay in the best shape of your life. You’ll never have to spend countless hours in the gym to get results by including the five basic exercise movements in your workouts. Being able to perform the basic exercise movements (Push, Pull, Bend, Squat & Plank) should be the goal of anyone who’s serious about developing a healthy and fit body.
Depending on your physical condition, some of the basic movements may be beyond your ability initially. However, you can eventually employ the full spectrum of exercise styles and movements, at any age, given time and consistent effort.
The five basic movements are part of the strength training exercise category. People generally think of strength training as lifting weights, which is just one aspect of it. Weight lifting alone is an extremely inefficient way of developing physical fitness and overall strength. Many weight lifting exercises are limited to engaging one muscle per exercise, which is a highly inefficient form of training for most people.
Engaging one muscle at a time means taking a very long time to sculpt and strengthen your body… It’s also limited in its ability to increase your endurance. To get more bang for you buck from working out, it’s important to engage as many muscles as possible with each exercise, and the five basic movements are pivotal to doing just that.
Furthermore, you can dramatically increase the results of exercise by combining weight lifting and the five basic movements. A list of exercises employing the five basic movements with or without weights is included below.
The fourth and, perhaps, most important principle of effective exercise is “Setting Your Own Standard.” Your exercise results and goals must make sense relative to your body’s type and structure. Keep in mind that not everyone is meant to be Super Model thin nor is it healthy for everyone to be. The fact that we don’t all have the same size bones means that we’re not all supposed to weigh the same either; the bigger your bones the more you should weigh. You can be healthy and fit at size 3 or 13.
Now that you know four of the most important principles of effective exercise, you can make an informed decision about choosing the right exercise program.
The fifth and final effective exercise principle is “Make it Count.” Each time you exercise, make it as challenging as your fitness level will allow. Remember that when it comes to exercise, the greater the challenge the greater the result. Learn proper form and technique for each exercise that you perform. Work hard and, most importantly, make the process of becoming healthy and fit joyful, not stressful.
(see below for a list of exercises from the 5 categories of movement with instructions and more)
-By Scott Hinds Lambeth
- This site does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Consult a physician before beginning any exercise program or dietary plan.
Endurance Exercises
Brisk Walking
Jogging
Strengthen Training Exercises
*Push*
Push-ups (targets triceps, chest, shoulders and abs)
- When down on the ground, set your hands at a distance that is slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. Your feet should also be about shoulder width apart. Your body should be in straight line from the top of your head down through your heels. Make sure your spine is in a neutral position so that your butt isn’t sticking up toward the ceiling or your crotch isn’t sagging toward the floor. During each repetition, your butt should be clenched and your abs should be sucked in toward your spine. Your head should be positioned so that you’re looking slightly ahead, not straight down. At the top of the push up, your arms should be straight and supporting your weight. By bending your arms, slowly move your body downward until just before your chin and chest touch the floor then push your body back up into the starting position and repeats the entire range of motion.
*Pull*
Pull-ups (targets upper back, shoulders and arms)
- Start from a hanging position on a pull Up Bar. Your hands should be shoulder-width apart with your arms fully extended. Pull yourself up by dropping your elbows to the floor. Pull until your chin is above the bar. Lower yourself back down until your arms are fully extended then repeat the full range of motion.
*Bend*
Bending Overhead Press (targets hamstrings, glutes, lower-back, abs, shoulders & chest)
- While holding a single dumbbell with one bell in each hand and your arms bent so they’re parallel with the ground, stand with your feet just beyond the width of your shoulders. From the upright position, bend at your waist so that your torso is at a 45 degree angle to the ground while keeping your arms in the locked/bent position. Now you’re in the starting position for this exercise. Raise your torso away from the ground, moving back to the upright position while raising the dumbbell up to your forehead while keeping your arms bent. Move the dumbbell upward using your shoulders, not triceps. Once you’re in the upright position, press the dumbbell above your head by extending your arms. Bring the dumbbell back to forehead level by bending your arms back to the position that you started in. Resist against the momentum of the weight, lowering it as slowly as possible. Bend at your waist until your torso is back to the starting position while returning the dumbbell to its original position. Both the up and down movements of the exercise should be performed in one continuous motion while completing the desired number of repetitions. Perform both parts of the exercise in a steady, controlled motion, not a quick, jerking motion.
Toe Touches (targets hamstrings, glutes, lower-back & abs)
- With your feet shoulder width apart, place your hands above your head with your arms fully extended and your palms facing the wall in front of you. Bend at the waist taking your right hand down to touch your left foot while keeping your arms extended. Return to the starting position and repeat the exercise by taking your opposite hand to your other foot. Alternate the exercise from left to right while performing the desired number of repetitions.
(hold dumbbells in each hand to add resistance)
*Squat*
Deep Squat (targets quads, glutes, hamstrings & calves)
- Stand with your feet slightly beyond the width of your shoulders and turned outward slightly. Your knees should be slightly bent. Shift your body weight backwards to your heals while shifting your buttocks as though you’re sitting. As if attempting to sit, bend your knees while dropping your buttocks toward the floor and raising your arms upward from your sides until they’re parallel to the ground. Bend your arms to help keep you balanced as you squat. Perform the downward motion of the exercise in a slow, purposeful manner. The full range of motion requires squatting downward until your thighs are parallel with the ground. Inhale before beginning the squatting motion and exhale as you’re moving back to the starting position. Until you’re able to perform the full squatting motion, don’t squat to the point of discomfort. Your range of motion will improve with time and practice. From the squatted position, in an explosive, controlled manner, push your buttocks away from the floor by standing with your weight on your heels and returning to the starting position. The entire range of motion should be performed with your weight on your heels. Your body should be aligned so that you have a sense of pushing your chest toward the ceiling, not the top of your head.
(hold dumbbells in each hand to add resistance)
Plie Squat (targets quads, inner-thighs & hamstrings)
- Perform that same as the Deep Squat but turn your feet outward as if doing a ballet Plie.
(hold a single dumbbell in each hand to add resistance)
*Plank*
Standard Plank (targets abs, buttocks, back & shoulders)
- Begin by lying on your stomach with your forearms on the floor pointing straight forward, your feet together and your spine in a neutral position. Your feet should be touching or no more than an inch apart. Lift your body up on your forearms and toes, keeping your body as straight as possible. Maintain this position for as long as possible. Make it your initial goal to hold the position for 60 seconds. Once you’ve reached the initial goal of 60 seconds. Keep increasing your duration by 30 seconds until you can hold the position for 3 to 4 minutes.
Side Plank (targets, abs, hips, pelvis, shoulders, biceps & triceps)
- Lie on your left side, legs together, feet stacked right on top of left. Wrap your right arm around your waist while keeping your head and neck aligned with your spine. Prop your upper body up on your left forearm while keeping it bent. Your elbow should be directly below your shoulder while performing the exercise. Press your hips toward the ceiling, using your abs to stabilize your torso. Make it your initial goal to hold the position for 30 seconds. Keep increasing your duration by 15 seconds until you can hold the position for 3 minutes.
Strength Training Exercise Subcategories
*Isometric Exercise* (example: Plank)
- These are exercises involving muscular contractions without movement of the involved parts of the body. Isometric exercise is one method of muscular exercise. In contrast, isotonic exercise occurs when a contracting muscle shortens against a constant load, as when lifting a weight.
*Calisthenic Exercise* (example: Jumping Jacks)
- These exercises consist of a variety of gross motor movements, often rhythmical, generally without using equipment or apparatus, thus in all essence body-weight training. They are intended to increase body strength, body fitness and flexibility through movements such as pulling or pushing yourself up, bending, jumping, or swinging, using only one’s body weight for resistance. They’re usually conducted in concert with stretches. When performed vigorously and with variety, calisthenics can provide the benefits of muscular and aerobic conditioning, in addition to improving psychomotor skills such as balance, agility and coordination.
*Plyometric Exercise* (example: Squat Jumps)
- Plyometrics is a type of training involving jumping, bounding and other high impact exercises that focus on maximizing the stretch reflex of the muscles. They’re purpose? To teach the muscles to produce maximum force faster, which enhances performance for athletes and exercisers alike. Plyometics, also known as Jump Training, requires explosive motion performed in rapid succession to increase muscular strength and speed of muscular reaction/response time to load resistance.
Balance Exercise (recommended especially for the elderly)
Tai chi (classes available in some fitness centers)
One Leg Stand
- Raise one foot off the floor by bending your knee. Holding your legs apart in a natural, comfortable position, stand on the leg that is in contact with the floor for 30 to 60 seconds then repeat the exercise using the opposite leg. Alternate the exercise between your left to right legs while completing the desired number of repetitions.
Weight Shifts
- With your feet shoulder width apart and your hands by your side, shift your weight from your to either leg while lifting the foot of the opposite leg off of the floor laterally, not forward. Stand on the leg upon which your weight is shifted for 30 seconds then shift your weight to the opposite leg using a rocking motion. Repeat the exercise on each leg for the desired number of repetitions.
Single Leg Balance
- With your feet a few inches apart, stand on one leg, lifting the opposite foot off the floor by raising your leg forward while keeping it straight. Raise your leg until your heel is a few inches off the ground and hold as steady as possible for 30 seconds. Extend your arms to help keep you balanced. Repeat the exercise on each leg while completing the desired number of repetitions.